SportLogia
Vol. 6, Issue 1, Jul 2010.
UTICAJ FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI NA KVALITET KOSTI
Zorislava Bajić1, Nenad Ponorac1, Nela Rašeta1 i Đorđe Bajić2
1 Medicinski fakultet, Banja Luka, BiH
2 SHMP, Dom zdravlja Banja Luka, BiH
PREGLEDNI NAUČNI ČLANAK
doi: 10.5550/sgia.1001007
COBISS.BH-ID 1844248
UDK: 611.7
Sažetak / Summary PUNI TEKST / FULL TEXT (.pdf)
A bone is a dynamic tissue that remodels during the entire life span. Remodeling includes two continuous processes, namely forming and resorbing. These processes are continuous and occur as a response to a weight-bearing physical activity. Remodeling processes are very important for maintenace of skeletal homeostasis.
Recent evidence shows that growing bone is more responsive to mechanical loading and physical activity then mature bone. This indicates that regular exercise early in life may be an important factor in the prevention of osteoporosis later on.
Further, high and medium level of weight-bearing physical activity (walking, ball games, dancing, aerobics, jogging, skiing, martial art, gymnastics, strength training and racket sports) correlates positively with the high bone mass in adults. For elderly even an hour of slow walking (low level of activity) can have a beneficial effect on the bone quality.
Research done on athletes shows that they have higher bone mass than non-athletes and that the bone density increases during the periods of intensive training.
Weight-bearing physical activity is essential for normal development and maintenance of healthy skeleton. In humans, physical activity appears to play an important role in maximizing bone mass during childhood and the early adult years, maintaining bone mass through the fifth decade, attenuating bone loss with aging, and reducing falls and fractures in the elderly.
Ključne riječi / Key words: bone mineral density (BMD), physical activity, osteoporosis
Literatura / References
Ahola, R. et al. (2009). Time-course of exercise and its association with 12-month bone changes. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 10, p.138.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-10-138 
PMid:19909496 PMCid:2784429
Alwis, G. et al. (2008a). A 2-year school-based exercise programme in pre pubertal boys induces skeletal benefits in lumbar spine. Journal Compilation. Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Acta Paediatrica. 97, pp.1564-1571.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00960.x 
PMid:18671693
Alwis, G. et al. (2008b). A one year exercise intervention program in pre-pubertal girls does not influence hip structure. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 9, p.9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-9-9 
PMid:18215332 PMCid:2258304
Ashe, M.C. et al. (2008). Muscle power is related to tibial bone strength in older women. Osteoporos Int, 19, pp.1725-1732.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-008-0655-6 
PMid:18629571
Babić, Lj. (2004). Kalcijum, fosfor i metabolizam kosti, kalcijum reguli{ući hormoni. U: Kulauzov,M. (2004). Patolo{ka fiziologija. Novi Sad: Medicinski fakultet i Futura.
Bergstrøm, I., Brinck, J. & Sääf, M. (2008). Effects of physical training on bone mineral density in fertile women with idiopathic osteoporosis. Clin Rheumatol, 27, pp.1035-1038.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-008-0894-0 
PMid:18443738
Derman, O. et al. (2008). Effect of swimming on bone metabolism in adolescents.
The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 50, pp.149-154.
FIMS Position Statement (2000). The Female Athlete Triad. FIMS. Available at: www.fims.org
Accessed 23 February 2010¹
FIMS Position Statement. Scientific Commentary: Osteoporosis and Exercise. FIMS.
Available at: www.fims.org ŠAccessed 23 February 2010¹
Hardman, A.E. & Stensel, D.J. (2009). Physical Activity and Health.
The evidence explained. Second edition. Taylor & Francis.
Hasselstrøm, H. et al. (2007). Peripheral Bone Mineral Density and Different Intensitis od PhysicaL Activity in Children 6-8 Years Old: The Copenhagen School Child
Intervention Study. Calcif Tissue Int. 80, pp.31-38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223-006-0137-9 
PMid:17205330
Kolle, E., Klungland, M.K. & Sundgot-Borgen, J.S. (2005). Bone mineral density in Norwegian premeno pausal women. Osteoporos Int, 16, pp.914-920
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-004-1783-2 
PMid:15502958
Kohrt, W.M. et al. (2004). ACSM Position Stand: physical activity and bone health. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36, pp.1985-1996.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000142662.21767.58 
Knobloch, K. et al. (2007). Rapid rehabilitation programme following sacral stress fracture in long-distance running female athlete. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 127, pp.809-813.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00402-006-0201-y 
PMid:16906424
Miles, L. (2007). Physical activuty and health. Journal compilation. British Nutrition Foundation. Nutrition Bulletin, 32, pp.314-363.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2007.00668.x 
Modlesky, C.M., Majumdar, S. & Dudley, G.A. (2008). Trabecular bone microarchitecture in female collegiate gymasts. Osteoporos Int, 19, pp.1011-1018.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-007-0522-x 
PMid:18074110
Nickols-Richardson, S.M. et al. (2007). Concentric and eccentric isokinetic resistence training similarly increases muscular stength, fat-free soft tissue mass, and specific bone mineral measurements in young women. Osteoporos Int. 18, pp.789-796.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-006-0305-9 
PMid:17264975
Nilsson, M. et al. (2008). Competitive physical activity earli in life is associeted with bone mineral density in elderly Swedish men. Osteoporos Int, 19, pp.1557-1566.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-008-0600-8 
PMid:18373050
Park, H. et al. (2007). Relationship of bone health to yearlong physical activity in older Japanese adults: cross-sectional data from the Nakanojo Study. Osteoporos Int, 18, pp.285-293.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-006-0237-4 
PMid:17061150
Picard, D. et al. (2000). Longitudinal Study of Bone Density and its Determinants in Women in Peri-or Early Menopause. Calcif Tissue Int, 67, pp.356-360.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230001161 
PMid:11136532
Rautava, E. et al. (2007). The reduction of physical reklects on the bone mass among young females: a follow-up study of 142 adolescent girls. Osteoporos Int. 18, pp.915-922.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-006-0312-x 
PMid:17211530
Rideout, C.A., McKay, H.A. & Barr, S.I.(2006). Self-Reported Lifetime Physical Activity and Areal Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: The Importance of Teenage Activity. Calcif Tissue Int, 79, pp.214-222.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223-006-0058-7 
PMid:17033722
Stevenson, J.C. & Marsh, M.S. (2007). An Atlas of Osteoporosis. Tird Edition. Informa UK Ltd.
Trutschnigg, B. et al. (2008). Female boxers have high bone mineral density despite low body mass, high energy expenditure, and a high incidence of loigomenorrhea. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab, 33, pp.863-869.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/H08-071 
PMid:18923560
Vainionpää, A. et al. (2006) Intensity of exercise is associated with bone density change in premenopausal women. Osteoporos Int, 17, pp.455-463.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-005-0005-x 
PMid:16404492
Young, C.M., Weeks, B.K. & Beck, B.R. (2007). Simple, novel phyisical activity maintains proximal femur bone mineral density, and improves muscle strength and balance in sedentary, postmenopausal Caucasian women. Osteoporos Int, 18, pp.1379-1387.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-007-0400-6 
PMid:17572834
Jürimäe, J. et al. (2006). Bone metabolism in elite rowers: adaptation to volume-extended training.
Eur J Appl Physol, 97, pp.127-132.
